Cold Weather and Chronic Health Conditions
The cold can be a refreshing break from the summer heat, but for older adults—especially those living with chronic health conditions—it can also bring added challenges. As we age, our bodies have a harder time regulating temperature and can lose heat more quickly, making it especially important to take precautions during colder months.
Cold temperatures can cause blood vessels to narrow, which may increase blood pressure and put additional strain on the heart. This can be a concern for people living with heart disease. Cold temperatures can also affect circulation, making it more difficult for the body to maintain warmth—a particular concern for those living with diabetes, who may already experience circulation or nerve-related problems.
Cold, dry air can also irritate the airways and make breathing more difficult. For people with COPD, asthma, or other respiratory conditions, winter weather can increase the risk of breathing problems and respiratory infections such as the flu and pneumonia.
And, of course, winter brings another important concern: falls. Snow, ice, and wet walkways can make getting around more difficult, particularly for older adults who may already have balance or mobility challenges. Paying attention to the weather, dressing appropriately, and taking a few extra precautions can help reduce these risks and make it easier to stay safe and comfortable throughout the winter.
Cold Weather Safety Tips
The National Institute on Aging recommends the following precautions when heading outdoors in cold weather:
- Check the weather forecast, especially on windy or extremely cold days. Strong winds can cause your body temperature to drop quickly.
- If you must go outside on cold, windy, or damp days, limit the amount of time you spend outdoors.
- Let someone know when you plan to be outside, and carry a fully charged cell phone.
- Keep warm blankets and extra cold-weather clothing in your car.
- Wear a hat, scarf, and gloves or mittens to help retain body heat.
- Dress in warm, loose layers. The air between layers helps provide insulation.
- Wear a waterproof coat or jacket when it is snowy or rainy.
- Change out of wet or damp clothing as soon as possible.
- Keep outdoor walkways clear of snow and ice. Ice melt or sand can provide additional traction.
- Use railings when walking on icy stairs or walkways.
- Wear sturdy, nonskid footwear with rubber soles and low heels.
A little preparation can go a long way. By staying warm, planning ahead, and taking a few simple precautions, older adults can enjoy the winter months with greater safety and confidence.
